Sunday, October 20, 2019
Gradable Words
Gradable Words Gradable Words Gradable Words By Mark Nichol Many adjectives have degrees of grade or intensity: big (adjective), bigger (comparative adjective), and biggest (superlative adjective), for examples of varying grades, or loud (adjective), louder (comparative adjective), and loudest (superlative adjective) as various levels of intensity. Others, however, have no variation: You cannot (notwithstanding the poetic license of the US Constitutionââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"a more perfect unionâ⬠) be perfecter than someone else or be the perfectest of all. Such terms, classified as nongradable adjectives, are called absolutes: Just as one cannot be the perfectest person, one cannot be very unique or more correct, or the most unique or correct. Despite the definitive term absolute, however, there is a little wiggle room: When absolutes become modifiers or are themselves otherwise modified, the rules are relaxed: Someone can be more uniquely situated than someone else, or more politically correct. Likewise, terms that seem absolute something canââ¬â¢t be more excellent or more impossible than sometime else arenââ¬â¢t necessarily so: You can say that an experience was quite excellent or that a task was nearly impossible. (These, however, are qualitative, not quantitative, grades. You can measure that something is hotter than something else, but you canââ¬â¢t quantify excellence or possibility. Probability, yes; possibility, no.) Other absolutes include references to states of being, as with alive and dead and white and black, words that express extremes of size such as gigantic and minuscule, terms that refer to polar opposites of quality, like terrible and terrific, and those that indicate outliers of emotion: furious, overjoyed, distraught. Some words that can be used in the same situations are not necessarily interchangeable: For example, as mentioned above, hot is gradable (hot, hotter, hottest, or ââ¬Å"very hotâ⬠or the like), but freezing, even though it can be substituted, without modifiers, for hot, is nongradable: ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s really freezingâ⬠is a plausible informal comment, but itââ¬â¢s not a factual statement, and ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s more freezing than it was earlierâ⬠is illogical. Some adjectives are gradable or nongradable depending on meaning. For example, though you can refer to an elderly man who owns property as a very old landlord, itââ¬â¢s incorrect to use the phrase ââ¬Å"very old landlordâ⬠to refer to a landlord you had a long time ago; the phrase ââ¬Å"old landlordâ⬠cannot be intensified to convey a significant passage of time since the pertinent state of ââ¬Å"landlordâ⬠(as in ââ¬Å"my landlordâ⬠) existed. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Definitely use "the" or "a"Do you "orient" yourself, or "orientate" yourself?The "Pied" in The Pied Piper
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